心力衰竭：

Heart failure 心力衰竭

Congestive beart failure 充血性心力衰竭

Acute left-sided heart failure 急性左心衰竭

Chroinc heart failure 慢性心力衰竭

Intractable heart failure 难治性心力衰竭

Systolic insufficiency heart failure 收缩功能不全性心力衰竭

Diastolic insufficiency heart failure 舒张功能不全性心力衰竭

Congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭

Cardiac dysfunction 心功能障碍

 

心律失常：

Arrhythmia （cardiac arrhythmia）心律失常

Triggered activity 触发活动

Afterdepolarization 后除极

a.窦房结

Sinus node recovery time SNRT 窦房结恢复时间

Sinoatrial conduction time SACT 窦房传导时间

Bradycardia 心动过缓

Tachycardia 心动过速

Sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速

Sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓

Sinus pause (sinus arrest) 窦性停搏（窦性静止）

sinoatrial block 窦房阻滞（Mobitz 莫氏, Wenckebach 文氏）

Sick sinus syndrome(SSS) 病(态)窦(房结)综合征

Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome 心动过缓-心动过速综合征

b.心房

Atrial premature beats 房性期前收缩

Atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速

Intrinsic heart rate 固有心率

Automatic atrial tachycardia 自律性房性心动过速

Reentrant atrial tachycardia 折返性房性心动过速

Chaotic atrial tachycardia 紊乱性房性心动过速

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with AV block (PAT with block) 伴有房室阻滞的阵发性房性心动过速

Multifocal atrial tachycardia 多源性房性心动过速

Atrial flutter 心房扑动

Atrial fibrillation 心房颤动

c.房室交界区性

Premature atrioventricular junctional beats 房室交界区性期前收缩

AV junctional escape beats 房室交界区性逸搏

AV junctional rhythm 房室交界区性心律

Nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junctional tachycardia 非阵发性房室交界区性心动过速

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT)阵发性室上性心动过速

Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia(AVNRT)房室结内折返性心动过速

Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia(AVNRT)房室返性心动过速

Preexcitation syndrome(Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) 预激综合征（WPW综合征）

d.心室

Premature ventricular beats 室性期前收缩

Ventricular parasystole 室性并行心律

Ventricular tachycardia 室性心动过速

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm 加速性心室自主节律

Torsades de pointes 尖端扭转

Ventricular flutter 心室扑动

Ventricular fibrillation 心室颤动

Atrioventricular block 房室传导阻滞

Wenckebach block 文氏阻滞

Adame-Strokes syndrom 阿－斯综合征

Intraventricular block 室内传导阻滞

Right bundle branch block 右束支传导阻滞

Left bundle branch block 左束支传导阻滞

Left anterior fascicular block 左前分支传导阻滞

Left posterior fascicular block 左后分支传导阻滞

Bifascicular block 双分支阻滞

Trifascicular block 三分支阻滞

 

心脏骤停与猝死

sudden cardiac death 心脏性猝死

Cardiac arrest 心脏骤停

Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) 无脉性电活动

 

高血压：

Hypertension 高血压

Hypertensive urgencyes 高血压急症

Hypertensive crisis 高血压危象

Hypertensive emergencies 高血压危症

Secondary hypertension 继发性高血压

Primary hypertension 原发性高血压

“White coat” hypertension 白大衣性高血压

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Isolated systolic hypertension 单纯收缩期高血压

Arteriolosclerosis 小动脉硬化

 

先心病：

Congenital heart disease 先天性心脏病

Congenital cardiovascular disease 先天性心血管病

Pulmonic stenosis 肺动脉狭窄

Isolated pulmonic stenosis 单纯肺动脉口狭窄

Coarctation of the aorta 主动脉缩窄

Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery 单纯肺动脉扩张

Primary pulmonary hypertension 原发性肺动脉高压

Persistent left superior vena cava 双侧上腔静脉（左上腔静脉残存）

Isolated dextrocardia 孤立性右位心

Atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 部分性肺静脉畸形引流

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) 室间隔缺损

Eisenmenger’s syndrome 艾森门格综合征

Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)动脉导管未闭

Tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症

Trilogy of Fallot 法洛三联症

Complete transposition of the great vessels 完全性大血管错位

Atrial septal defect (ASD) 房间隔缺损

 

心脏瓣膜病：

Multivalve heart disease 多瓣膜疾病

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Mitral valve disease 二尖瓣疾病

Pulmonic valve disease 肺动脉瓣疾病

Tricuspid valve disease 三尖瓣疾病

Ebstein’s anomaly 三尖瓣下移畸形

Dysfunction or rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能失调或断裂

Aortic valve disease 主动脉瓣疾病

Aortic arch syndrome 主动脉弓综合征

Valvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜病

rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病

Rheumatic fever 风湿热

Rheumatic carditis 风湿性心脏炎

Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄

Mitral incompetence 二尖瓣关闭不全

Acute mitral insufficiency 急性二尖瓣关闭不全

Chronic mitral insufficiency 慢性二尖瓣关闭不全

Marfan’s syndrom 马凡氏综合征

Aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄

Aortic incompetence 主动脉瓣关闭不全

Chronic aortic insufficiency 慢性主动脉瓣关闭不全

Tricuspid stenosis 三尖瓣狭窄

Tricuspid incompetence 三尖瓣关闭不全

Pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄

Pulmonary incompetence 肺动脉瓣关闭不全

冠心病：

Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病

Coronary heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病

Angina pectoris 心绞痛

Stable angina pectoris 稳定型心绞痛

Unstable angina pectoris 不稳定心绞痛

Initial onset angina pectoris 初发型心绞痛

Accelerated angina pectoris 恶化型心绞痛

Variant angina pectoris (Prinzmetal’s variant angina pectoris)变异型心绞痛

Angina decubitus 卧位心绞痛

Acute coronary insufficiency 急性冠状动脉功能不全

Postinfarction angina pectoris 梗塞后心绞痛

Acute coronary syndrome(ACS) 急性冠脉综合征

Myocardial infarction(MI) 心肌梗死

Acute myocardial infarction(AMI) 急性心肌梗死

Dysfunction of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能失调

Rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌断裂

Rupture of the heart 心脏破裂

Embolism 栓塞

Cardiac aneurysm 心脏室壁瘤

Postinfarction syndrome 心肌梗死后综合征

Latent coronary heart disease 无症状型冠心病（隐性冠心病）

Ischemic cardiomyopathy 缺血性心肌病

Sudden death 猝死

 

感染性心内膜炎：

Infective endocarditis (IE) 感染性心内膜炎

Native valve endocarditis 自体瓣膜心内膜炎

Prothetic valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜心内膜炎

Endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers 静脉药瘾者心内膜炎

Acute infective endocarditics(AIE) 急性感染性心内膜炎

Subacute Infective endocarditis 亚急性感染性心内膜炎

 

心肌疾病：

Specific cardiomyopathy 特异性心肌病

Viral myocarditis 病毒性心肌炎

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy（HCM）肥厚性心肌病

Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) 非对称性室间隔肥厚

Restrictive cardiomyopathy(RCM)限制性心肌病

Dilated cardiomyopathy（DCM）扩张型心肌病

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy 酒精性心肌病

Peripartum cardiomyopathy 围生期心肌病

Drug-induced cardiomyopathy 药物性心肌病

Keshan disease (KD) 克山病

Endemic cardiomyopathy (ECD) 地方性心肌病

Cardiomyopathies 心肌疾病

Myocardial bridging 心肌桥

Myocarditis 心肌炎

Right ventricular cardiomyopathy 右室心肌病

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)致心律失常型右室心肌病

Unclassified cardiomyopathies,UCM)

 

心包疾病：

Purulent pericarditis 化脓性心包炎

Acute pericarditis 急性心包炎

Tuberculous pericarditis 结核性心包炎

Constrictive pericarditis 缩窄性心包炎

 

血管疾病：

Peripheral arteriosclerosis obliteration 闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化

Primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches 多发性大动脉炎

Raynaud syndrome 雷诺综合征

Pulness disease 无脉病

Thromboangitis obliterans 血栓闭塞性脉管炎

Thrombophlebitis 血栓性静脉炎

Aortic dissection 主动脉夹层

 

其它疾病：

Syndrome X

Cardiogenic shock 心原性休克

Postpericardiostomy syndrome 心肌损伤后综合征

Pulmonary embolism 肺动脉栓塞

Syncope 晕厥

Syphlitic cardiovascular disease 梅毒性心血管病

Cardiovascular neurosis 心脏血管神经官能症

 

药物

Vasodilator 血管扩张剂（phlebectasis 静脉扩张， arteriectasis 动脉扩张）

Diuretic 利尿剂（thiazide diuretic 噻嗪类利尿剂；loop diuretic 袢利尿剂；potassium-sparing diuretics 保钾利尿剂）

inotropic agent 正性肌力药（digitalis preparation 洋地黄制剂；adrenergic receptor stimulant 肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂；

phosphodiesterase inhibitor 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂）

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor（ACE inhibitors）（ACEI）血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂

Aldosterone antagonist 醛固酮拮抗剂

Beta adrenergic receptor blocker （beta blockers） ß肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂

Calcium channel blocker（CCB）钙通道阻滞剂

Angiotension Ⅱ antagonist(Angiotension Ⅱ receptor blocker) 血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂

Alpha blockers α1 受体阻滞剂

Nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油

Digoxin 地高辛

Lanatoside C 西地兰

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antiarrhythic drugs 抗心律失常药

lidocaine 利多卡因

Propafenone 普罗帕酮

Amiodarone 胺碘酮

调脂药降脂药

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors HMG-CoA 还原酶抑制剂

Nicotinic acid 烟酸

Clofibrate 氯贝丁酯

抗血小板药物

溶栓药

recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ,rt-PA 重组组织型纤维蛋白酶原激活剂

抗凝药

 

操作

interventional therapy for cardiovascular diseases 心血管病介入性治疗

Holter ECG monitoring 动态心电图

Ultrasound angioplasty 超声消融术

Directional coronary atherectomy 定向旋切术

High frequency rotational atherectomy 高频旋磨术

Laser angioplasty 激光血管成形术

Catheter ablation 心导管消融

Radiofrequency catheter ablation 经导管射频消融

Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty(PBMV)经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣成形术

Percutaneous balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty(PBPV)经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术

Percutaneous transluminal septial myocardial ablation,(PTSMA)经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术

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Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术

Percutaneous intracoronary stent implantation 经皮穿刺冠状动脉内支架安置术

Transluminal Extraction catheter (TEC)经皮血管内切吸导管

Artificial cardiac pacing 人工心脏起搏

Multisite cardiac pacing 多部位心脏起搏

Biatrial pacing 双心房起搏

biventricular pacing 双心室起搏

bifocal pacing 双灶起搏

Heart transplantation 心脏移植

Angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy 新鲜血栓吸引术

Upright tilt-table testing 直立倾斜试验

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)置入型心律转复除颤器

Thumpversion 捶击复律

Cough-version 咳嗽复律

Cardioversion 心脏电复律

Defibrillation 心脏电除颤

Revascularization 血管重建

 

其它

Hemolytic streptococcus 甲族乙型溶血性链球菌

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG)抗胸腺细胞球蛋白

Vagus nerve 迷走神经,

Brainstem death 脑干死亡

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Brain death 脑死亡

Myocardial remodeling 心肌重塑

Hemodynamics 血液动力学

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)心钠素

Vasopressin 血管加压素,抗利尿激素

Bradykinin 缓激肽

Triggered activity 触发活动

Afterdepolarization 后除极

Late ventricular potential 心室晚电位

Sinus node recovery time(SNRT) 窦房结恢复时间

Sinoatrial conduction time(SACT) 窦房传导时间

Intrinsic heart rate 固有心率

Accessory atrioventricular pathways 房室旁路

Atriohisian tracts 房希氏束

Nodoventricular fibers 结-室纤维

Fasciculoventricular fibers 分支室纤维

Insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗

Vasodepressor response 血管减压反应

Pulsus tardus 细迟脉

Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度

Systolic anterior motion(SAM) （二尖瓣前叶）收缩期前向运动

Intermittent claudication 间歇性跛行

Chapter 1 Cardiovascular System
abdominal aorta 腹主动脉
anterior cardiac vein 心前静脉
anterior inferior sinus of pericardium 心包前下窦
anterior interventricular branch 前室间支
anterior interventricular groove 前室间沟
anterior papillary muscle 前乳头肌
anterior tibial artery 胫前动脉
aorta 主动脉
aorta arch 主动脉弓
aortic glomera 主动脉小球
aortic orifice 主动脉口
aortic sinus 主动脉窦
aortic valve 主动脉瓣
aortic vestibule 主动脉前庭
arterial ligament 动脉韧带
artery 动脉
ascending aorta 升主动脉
atrioventricular bundle 房室束
atrioventricular junction region 房室交界区
atrioventricular node 房室结
atrioventricular septum 房室隔
axillary artery 腋动脉
Bachmann 束 上房间束
brachial artery 肱动脉
brachiocephali trunk 头臂干
capillary 毛细血管
cardiac apex 心尖
cardiac apical incisure 心尖切迹
cardiac base 心底
carotid sinus 颈动脉窦
carotid glomera 颈动脉小球
central fibrous body 中心纤维体
circumflex branch 旋支
celiac trunk 腹腔干
collateral circulation 侧支循环
common hepatic artery 肝总动脉
conus arteriosus 动脉圆锥
coronary sinus 冠状窦
coronary sulcus 冠状沟
crista terminalis 界嵴
crus 房室交点
deep palmar arch 掌深弓
dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉
endocardium 心内膜
epicardium 心外膜
Eustachian 瓣 下腔静脉瓣
external carotid artery 颈外动脉
external iliac artery 髂外动脉
facial artery 面动脉
femoral artery 股动脉
fibrous pericardium 纤维心包
fossa ovalis 卵圆窝
great cardiac vein 心大静脉
heart 心
ileal arteries 回肠动脉
ileocolic artery 回结肠动脉
inferior mesenteric artery 肠系膜下动脉
interatrial septum 房间隔
internal carotid artery 颈内动脉
internal iliac artery 髂内动脉
internal pudendal artery 阴部内动脉
internal thoracic artery 胸廓内动脉
interventricular septum 室间隔
jejunal arteries 空肠动脉
left and right common iliac artery 左、右髂总动脉
left atrioventricular orifice 左房室口
left atrioventricular valve 左房室瓣
left atrium 左心房
left auricle 左心耳
left bundle branch 左束支
left colic artery 左结肠动脉
left common carotid artery 左颈总动脉
left coronary artery 左冠状动脉
left gastric artery 胃左动脉
left pulmonary artery 左肺动脉
left subclavian artery 左锁骨下动脉
left ventricle 左心室
maxillary artery 上颌动脉
middle cardiac vein 心中静脉
middle colic artery 中结肠动脉
middle meningeal artery 脑膜中动脉
mitral complex 二尖瓣复合体
mitral valve 二尖瓣
moderator band 节制索
myocardium 心肌层
non-coronary leaflets or sinuses 无冠状动脉半月瓣（窦）（即右后半月瓣）
opbique pericardial sinus 心包斜窦
obturator artey 闭孔动脉
orifice of coronary sinus 冠状窦口
orifice of inferior vena cava 下腔静脉口
orifice of pulmonary trunk 肺动脉口
orifice of superior vena cava 上腔静脉口
ovarian artery 卵巢动脉
pacemaker cell P 细胞，起搏细胞
papillary muscles 乳头肌
pericardial cavity 心包腔
pericardium 心包
peroaeal artery 腓动脉
popliteal artery 腘动脉
posterior interventricular branch 后室间支
posterior interventricular groove 后室间沟
posteriorpapillary muscle 后乳头肌
posterior tibial artery 胫后动脉
pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干
pulmonary valve 肺动脉瓣
radial artery 桡动脉
renal artery 肾动脉
right atrioventricular orifice 右房室口
right atrioventricular valve 右房室瓣
right atrium 右心房
right bundle branch 右束支
right colic artery 右结肠动脉
right coronary artery 右冠状动脉
right fibrous trigone 右纤维三角
right pulmonary artery 右肺动脉
right ventricle 右心室
septomarginal trabecula 隔缘肉柱
serous pericardium 浆膜心包